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Manusmriti Laws of Manu

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Manusmriti (also spelled Manusmruti) is an ancient Hindulegal text from the Hindu religion of Manusmruti. It was the first Sanskrit text that was translated into English by Sir William Jones in 1794. It was the British colonial government used it as a basis for the Hindu law. You can get Manusmriti The Laws of Manu as a PDF file online for no cost.

Manusmriti, which is often described as "code of Manu", actually refers to "reflections on Manu". It is a written document that organizes the code of conduct for human societies.

It was first discovered about 1,800 years ago. This was the time Yagna-based Vedic Hinduism evolved into temple-based Puranic Hinduism.

A lot of people believe that Mansumriti can be described as being the law book of Hindus. It's similar to Sharia to Muslims and the Church Dogma, for Catholic Christians or even it's the Constitution of India. It's not.

Manusmriti also known as a code of ethics, is created by brahmins. It is designed primarilyfor brahmins, however it may also be useful for others "upper" caste groups, like the King. It is one of the dharmashastras, which is a collection of texts.

Unlike Vedas, which are called shruti, that which is heard, and considered timeless divine revelations, Manusmriti or Manava-dharma-shastra, is a smriti (that which is recollected): the work of man, subject to change with time (kala), place (sthan) and participants (patra).

Hindus have a belief that living is meaningful when we strive to achieve four goals at the same time (purusha-artha). They believe that it is important to responsibly socially (dharma) to create as well as distribute the wealth (artha) and enjoy pleasure (kama), and avoid attachment to any item (moksha).

Manusmriti was never the sole dogma of all Hindus however it was it was a brahmin-specific code.Photo by Reuters

Shastra is the name used to describe information related to all of these pursuits, when it is well-organized. We have artha, dharma moksha and kama moksha-shastra.

These shastras were compiled by brahmins around the period during the Mauryan Emperors. They were originally written in prose. To help with memory, sentences were brief and terse. They were also known as sutras. Later poetry (shloka) replaced prose.

Baudhayana, Gautama and Apasthambha wrote the earliest Dharma-shastras. Chanakya wrote artha-shastras. Vatsyayana compiled kama-shastra. Various philosophers, including Patanjali, Badarayana, compiled various types of moksha-shastras, such as yoga or vedanta.

The term "compiled" is important because these scholars acknowledged they were part of an older, more generalized tradition, and that their knowledge was derived from other sources like the Vedas.

Manusmriti was written around 200 CE (Common Era). This is because Saka (North West tribes) as well as Cheen (China) who made contact with India in the early years and are known to be the authors of it.

It also refers to gold coins first introduced in this time period as evidenced by archaeological findings. It is also mentioned in various texts written around this time, like the Kamasutra.

Manusmriti stands out from the other Dharma-shastras since it is a distinct text. It presents itself as holy texts.

Manusmriti's beginnings are thought to come from Brahma, the creator. He passed it on first to Manu who passed the book first to Bhrigu which in turn passed it on to teachers. Manusmriti, since its creation was thought to be the most important dharma-shastra and was considered to be superior to other legal texts.

Manusmriti is the book of code that is used in the majority of commentaries on Dharmashastras. It is traced back to the Vedas as well as to the practices, customs and beliefs of those who have studied the Vedas.

Manusmritiis that is in keeping with the Vedic belief that society is comprised of four types of people. This includes those who are aware of the Vedas and those who rule the country (kshatriyas) trading (vaishyas) and people who work (shudra). Typically, dharma-shastras attach more importance to the code for brahmins than the code for Kshatriyas. Artha-shastra explains statecraft. Manusmriti, however, gives the code for brahmins nearly similar to the code for Kshatriyas. This effectively makes arthashastra a part dharma-shastra. In the past, dharmashastras were primarily concerned with regulating the conduct of brahmins, Mansmriti also has an interest in regulating the conduct of kshatriyas.

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